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Spain (Spanish: España, [esˈpaɲa]), or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a country primarily located in southwestern Europe with parts of territory in the Atlantic Ocean and across the Mediterranean Sea. The largest part of Spain is situated on the Iberian Peninsula; its territory also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in Africa. The country's mainland is bordered to the south by Gibraltar; to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea; to the north by France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the second-largest country in the European Union (EU) and, with a population exceeding 47.4 million, the fourth-most populous EU member state. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, Palma de Mallorca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Bilbao. Anatomically modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 42,000 years ago. Pre-Roman peoples dwelled in the territory, in addition to the development of coastal trading colonies by Phoenicians and Ancient Greeks and the brief Carthaginian rule over the Mediterranean coastline. The Roman conquest and colonization of the peninsula (Hispania) ensued, bringing a Roman acculturation of the population. Hispania remained under Roman rule until the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fourth century, which ushered in the migration of Germanic peoples and the Alans into the peninsula. Eventually, the Visigoths emerged as the dominant power in the peninsula by the fifth century. In the early eighth century, most of the peninsula was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate and during early Islamic rule, Al-Andalus became the dominant peninsular power, centered in Córdoba. Several Christian kingdoms emerged in Northern Iberia, chief among them León, Castile, Aragón, Portugal, and Navarre and over the next seven centuries, an intermittent southward expansion of these kingdoms, known as Reconquista, culminated with the Christian seizure of the Emirate of Granada in 1492. Jews and Muslims were forced to choose between conversion to Catholicism or expulsion and the Morisco converts were eventually expelled. The dynastic union of the Crown of Castile and the Crown of Aragon was followed by the annexation of Navarre and the 1580 incorporation of Portugal (which ended in 1640). In the wake of the Spanish colonization of the Americas after 1492, the Crown came to hold a large overseas empire, which underpinned the emergence of a global trading system primarily fuelled by the precious metals extracted in the New World. Centralisation of the administration and further state-building in mainland Spain ensued in the 18th and 19th centuries, during which the Crown saw the loss of the bulk of its American colonies a few years after the Peninsular War. The country veered between different political regimes; monarchy and republic, and following a 1936–39 devastating civil war, the Francoist dictatorship that lasted until 1975. With the restoration of democracy under the Constitution of Spain and the entry into the European Union in 1986, the country experienced profound social and political change as well as an important economic growth. Spanish art, music, literature and cuisine have been influential worldwide, particularly in Western Europe and the Americas. As a reflection of its large cultural wealth, Spain has the world's fourth-largest number of World Heritage Sites (49) and is the world's second-most visited country. Its cultural influence extends over 570 million Hispanophones, making Spanish the world's second-most spoken native language. Spain is a developed country, a secular parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with King Felipe VI as head of state. It is a high-income country and an advanced economy, with the world's sixteenth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the sixteenth-largest by PPP. Spain has one of the longest life expectancies in the world at 82 years in 2020. It ranks particularly high in healthcare quality, with its healthcare system considered to be one of the most efficient worldwide. It is a world leader in organ transplants and organ donation. Spain is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, the Eurozone, the Council of Europe (CoE), the Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI), the Union for the Mediterranean, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the World Trade Organization (WTO) and many other international organisations.

Musées de Spain :
Musée
Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León
House-Museum of Lope de Vega
Huerta de San Vicente
Museum of the Royal Mint
Museo Nacional de Escultura
Vigo Museum of Contemporary Art
Ethnographic Museum of Ripoll
Cider Museum
Archeological Museum of Seville
Pinacoteca Eduardo Úrculo
FIBA Hall of Fame
The Madrid Wax Museum
Cervantes' House
Archaeological Museum of Badajoz
Salvador Dalí House-Museum
Museo Nacional del Prado
Orange Museum
Archaeological Museum of Gandia
Juan Barjola Museum of Painting
Asturias Gold Museum
National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
Museo Carmen Thyssen
CaixaForum Madrid
Archaeological Museum of Granada
International Bagpipe Museum
Municipal Museum of Algeciras
National Museum of Anthropology
Museu Barbier-Mueller d'Art PrecolombíMuseo Barbier-Mueller de Arte PrecolombinoBarbier-Mueller Pre-Columbian Art Museum
La Tabacalera de Lavapiés
Ibero-American Museum of Contemporary Art
Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes de Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Documentation Center and Museum of the Performing Arts
Albacete Provincial Museum
Philippe Cousteau Anchor Museum
National Museum of Theatre
Sephardic Museum
Shelter of Cervantes
Museum of Fine Arts of Asturias
Bowling Museum of Asturias
Museu de les Ciències Príncipe Felipe
Museum of Jewellery in the Vía de la Plata
Lázaro Galdiano Museum
Anchovy and Salt Museum
Casa de la Apicultura
Museo Picasso Málaga
Museum of Toys and Automata
The Numantine Museum of Soria
Domus
Muleteer's Museum
Natural Science Museum
Sacred Art Museum of Tineo
Benalmádena Museum
Museum of Cádiz
Museo de Bellas Artes Gravina
Museo Arqueológico Municipal de Jerez de la Frontera
Museum of the Moors and Christians of Alcoy
Museum of Almería
Archaeological Museum of Asturias
Wharf of the Caravels
Naval Museum
Fournier Museum of Playing Cards
Archaeological Museum of Alicante
Cerralbo Museum
Museo y Circuito Fernando Alonso
National Museum of Science and Technology
CosmoCaixa Barcelona
Museo Arqueológico de La Gomera
Museo Geominero
Museum of Outdoor Sculpture of Alcala de Henares
Museum of Fine Arts of Seville
Museum of Natural Sciences of Barcelona
Museum of Romanticism
Museum of the Asturian People
Archivo General de Simancas
Joan Antoni Samaranch Olympic and Sport Museum
Poble Espanyol
Yannick and Ben Jakober's Foundation
National Museum of Decorative Arts
Museum of Avilés Urban History
Museum of Ceuta
Dinópolis
Museo de Historia de Arévalo
Basque Railway Museum
University Museum A Domus do Mitreo
Valencia History Museum
National Museum of Ceramics and Decorative Arts "González Martí"
National Museum of Natural Sciences
Museum of History of Madrid
Museum of Garment - Ethnologic Heritage Research Center
Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art
CGAC
Firefighters Museum of Alcoy
LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial
Museum Sorolla
Torre Loizaga
Urdaibai Bird Center
Railway Interpretation Center of Móra la Nova
Museo ABC
Museo del Calamar big
Museu Comarcal de la Garrotxa
Archaeological Museum Camil Visedo
Badalona Museum
Parque de las Ciencias