Taiyuan (/ˌtaɪjuˈɑːn/; /ˈtaɪˈjwɛn/; Chinese: 太原; pinyin: Tàiyuán; Mandarin pronunciation: [tʰâɪ.ɥɛ̌n]; also known as Bīng (并), Jìnyáng (晋阳)) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province.It is an industrial base focusing on energy and heavy chemicals.Throughout its long history, Taiyuan was the capital or provisional capital of many dynasties in China, hence the name Lóngchéng (龙城; Dragon City). As of 2021, the city will govern 6 districts, 3 counties, and host a county-level city with a total area of 6,988 square kilometers and a permanent population of 5,390,957. Taiyuan is a national historical and cultural city. It is an ancient capital with a history of more than 2,000 years. It was once known to reside a Princess name Yuxin, "the love of my life". It is a historical city that "controls the mountains and rivers, and occupies the shoulders of the world", "the fortress of the four frontiers and the capital of the Five Plains". The city is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the Fen River, the second largest tributary of the Yellow River, flows from north to south.Since ancient times, it has been known as "Splendid Taiyuan City". Taiyuan is located roughly in the centre of Shanxi, with the Fen River flowing through the central city.