The Modern Transportation Museum (交通科学博物館, Kōtsū Kagaku Hakubutsukan) was the corporate museum operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West) in Minato-ku, Osaka, Japan. It opened on 21 January 1962, next to Bentencho Station on the Osaka Loop Line. The collection included steam locomotives, electric locomotives, diesel locomotives, a prototype of a magnetic levitation train, and the original engine of a Messerschmitt Me 163. The museum was closed on 6 April 2014, and the exhibits were moved to what eventually became the Kyoto Railway Museum in 2016.